Metabolic Reprogramming: A Crucial Contributor to Anticancer Drug Resistance IF:9.90

from that in normal tissues. Glutamine is a nonessential aminoacid that provides nitrogen and carbon for biosynthetic
reactions. However, for tumor cells, the importance of glutamineis compa-rable to that of glucose. Glutaminolysis produces α-ketoglutarate (α-KG), which can then enter the TCA cycle togenerate ATP and provide materials for biosynthesis. Glutaminealso con-tributes to maintaining redox balance by generatingglutathione (GSH), which is an antioxidant that scavenges freeradicals and detoxifying agents to protect cells from oxidativedamage and maintain intracellular redox homeostasis [8]. Theserine synthe-sis pathway (SSP), which provides a carbon sourcefor one-carbon metabolism, plays a crucial role in de novonucleotide synthesis and is upregulated in many resistantcancers [9]. In addition, the catabolism of BCAAs includingleucine, isoleucine, and valine, by branched-chainaminotransferase 1 (BCAT1) facilitates reversible transaminationbetween BCAAs and glutamate. BCAAs them-selves can also actas sensors to signal the nutritional state of cells 。

感谢 上海眼眶疾病与眼肿瘤重点实验室，上海交通大学医学院附属第九人民医院眼科国家眼科健康重点实验室， 教育部先天性心脏病诊疗技术与仪器工程研究中心引用文献！